H-tunneling in enzyme evolution (#134)
Quantum tunneling is known
to be an important process in H-transfer reactions and previous work has
established that it occurs in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However,
there is a considerable debate as to its relevance to catalysis and
whether it could be
harnessed by enzymes through evolution. To address these questions, we
have analyzed how H-tunneling occurs in a designed enzyme, and how it
changes along an evolutionary trajectory. Our results indicate that
H-tunnelling is enhanced in the enzyme, by a factor
of approx. 2, which is considerably less than the 10^6-fold improvement
through reduction in activation energy. Additionally, tunnelling does
not significantly change during evolution. Rather, fourteen crystal
structures and kinetics reveal that a reduction
in activation energy, as a result of optimising the conformational
landscape of the enzyme underlies the improvement. These results suggest
that although H-tunnelling occurs in enzymes, it is unlikely to be
harnessed through evolution.